Integrasi Risk Assessment, Risk Management, dan Risk Communication dalam Regulasi Keamanan Pangan: Analisis Bibliometrik

Agus Triana Wijatagati; Metrizal; Aji Jumiono

doi:10.30997/karimahtauhid.v5i7.25358

Authors

Agus Triana Wijatagati Universitas Djuanda
Metrizal Universitas Djuanda
Aji Jumiono Universitas Djuanda

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v5i7.25358

Keywords:

food safety, risk assessment, risk management, risk communication, quantitative microbiological risk assessment, risk-based regulation, bibliometric analysis

Abstract

Keamanan pangan global menghadapi tantangan yang semakin kompleks akibat meningkatnya risiko cemaran mikrobiologis pada produk pangan, khususnya produk hewan. Meskipun kerangka risk analysis yang terdiri atas risk assessment, risk management, dan risk communication telah diadopsi secara luas dalam regulasi internasional, implementasinya dalam sistem pengawasan pangan masih menunjukkan berbagai kendala, terutama terkait integrasi antara hasil kajian ilmiah dan pengambilan keputusan kebijakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran risk assessment dalam regulasi keamanan pangan serta mengidentifikasi kesenjangan integrasi antara risk assessment, risk management, dan risk communication melalui pendekatan systematic literature review (SLR) dan analisis bibliometrik. Literatur dikumpulkan menggunakan aplikasi Publish or Perish dari basis data Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2019–2025. Dari 200 artikel yang teridentifikasi, diperoleh 52 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi setelah proses penyaringan dan seleksi. Analisis bibliometrik dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak VOSviewer versi 1.6.20 untuk memetakan keterkaitan kata kunci, struktur pengetahuan, dan area penelitian yang masih terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risk assessment menjadi tema sentral yang terhubung kuat dengan risk management dan risk communication, namun terdapat pemisahan yang jelas antara klaster metodologis dan klaster implementatif. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya kesenjangan antara pengembangan metode analisis risiko, khususnya Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA), dengan penerapannya dalam sistem regulasi dan pengawasan pangan. Kesenjangan utama yang ditemukan meliputi lemahnya integrasi data ke dalam pengambilan keputusan, belum optimalnya penerapan pendekatan berbasis risiko dalam pengawasan pangan, serta terbatasnya mekanisme translasi hasil ilmiah ke dalam kebijakan. Kebaruan (novelty) penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi pendekatan SLR dan bibliometrik untuk memetakan hubungan antara perkembangan metodologi analisis risiko dan implementasi regulasi keamanan pangan, sehingga menghasilkan kerangka konseptual yang menjelaskan faktor-faktor penghambat penerapan sistem keamanan pangan berbasis risiko secara lebih komprehensif. Temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan kebijakan keamanan pangan yang lebih adaptif, terintegrasi, dan berbasis bukti ilmiah.

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