Unraveling Urban Mobility Nodes: The Role of BRT Trans Semarang Feeders in Public Transportation Transformation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30997/jgs.v11i2.21876Kata Kunci:
public transport, BRT, feeder, urban mobility, transport policyAbstrak
Pertumbuhan kendaraan pribadi di Kota Semarang tidak sebanding dengan kapasitas jalan, sehingga kemacetan dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan perkotaan menjadi masalah serius. Pemerintah Kota Semarang merespons dengan menghadirkan Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Semarang, dilengkapi layanan feeder sejak 2019 untuk menjawab persoalan first mile–last mile. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas feeder BRT Trans Semarang dalam memperluas aksesibilitas, meningkatkan keterpaduan sistem transportasi publik, dan mengurangi ketergantungan masyarakat pada kendaraan pribadi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui kerangka Van Meter dan Van Horn serta konsep mobilitas perkotaan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa feeder berperan penting dalam membuka akses bagi permukiman yang sulit dijangkau bus reguler. Namun, efektivitasnya masih terhambat oleh jarak halte yang kurang ideal, variabilitas waktu tunggu, fasilitas transit yang minim, serta rendahnya integrasi tiket dan informasi. Analisis menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan feeder sangat bergantung pada ekosistem pendukung: kualitas akses pejalan kaki, keandalan interval, dan pengurangan transfer penalty. Implikasi kebijakan mencakup perbaikan infrastruktur mikro, penguatan manajemen operasional, integrasi tarif dan informasi, komunikasi publik, serta diversifikasi pembiayaan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa feeder BRT Trans Semarang berpotensi menjadi model layanan transportasi publik inklusif di kota menengah Indonesia jika diiringi dengan strategi integrasi yang konsisten dan berkelanjutan.
Referensi
Azali, I., Gunanto, E. Y. A., & Nugroho, S. B. M. (2018). Preferensi konsumen terhadap transportasi publik (Studi kasus Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Kota Semarang). Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v33i1.617
Cervero, R. (2013). Bus rapid transit (BRT): An efficient and competitive mode of public transport. Journal of Urban Transport, 19(1), 1–15.
Cervero, R., Murakami, J., & Miller, M. (2017). Transit-oriented development and the urban fabric. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Currie, G. (2006). Bus rapid transit in Australasia: Performance, lessons and prospects. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(3), 1–21.
Delbosc, A., & Currie, G. (2019). The spatial and social dimensions of first-mile barriers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.04.001
Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2007). Service quality attributes affecting customer satisfaction for bus transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 10(3), 21–34.
Firdaus, M. (2019). Urbanisasi dan tantangan transportasi berkelanjutan di kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 30(2), 97–110.
Haider, F., Rehman, Z. ur, Khan, A. H., Ilyas, M., & Khan, I. (2021). Performance evaluation of BRT standard in decision support system for integrated transportation policy. Sustainability, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041957
Ingvardson, J. B., & Nielsen, O. A. (2018). Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – An international review. Transport Reviews, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1301594
Levinson, H., Zimmerman, S., Clinger, J., Gast, J., Rutherford, S., & Bruhn, E. (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (TCRP Report 90). Transportation Research Board.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: Best practices guidebook (11 (ed.)). Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Liu, R., Ceder, A., & Chow, L. F. (2010). Integrated public transport solutions for urban mobility: A comparative analysis. Transport Reviews, 30(2), 181–201.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3 (ed.)). Sage.
Policy, I. for T. & D. (2016). The BRT Standard 2016 Edition. ITDP.
Priatama, R. F., & Subowo, A. (2020). Evaluasi pelaksanaan BRT Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 127–141.
Program, T. C. R. (2013). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (3rd ed., TCRP Report 165). Transportation Research Board.
Purwanto, E. A., & Sulistyastuti, D. R. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Gava Media.
Rahayu, A., & Widowati, N. (2020). Kualitas pelayanan Trans Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 80–95.
Semarang, B. P. S. K. (2020). Statistik transportasi Kota Semarang 2017–2019. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Septada, B. I., Herawati, A. R., & Maesaroh, M. (2023). Analisis pelayanan BRT Trans Semarang di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v12i3.40071
Susilo, Y. O., Joewono, T. B., Santosa, W., & Parikesit, D. (2007). A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. IATSS Research, 31(1), 59–68.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488.
Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2013). Bus rapid transit planning guide. ITDP.
Azali, I., Gunanto, E. Y. A., & Nugroho, S. B. M. (2018). Preferensi konsumen terhadap transportasi publik (Studi kasus Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Kota Semarang). Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v33i1.617
Cervero, R. (2013). Bus rapid transit (BRT): An efficient and competitive mode of public transport. Journal of Urban Transport, 19(1), 1–15.
Cervero, R., Murakami, J., & Miller, M. (2017). Transit-oriented development and the urban fabric. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Currie, G. (2006). Bus rapid transit in Australasia: Performance, lessons and prospects. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(3), 1–21.
Delbosc, A., & Currie, G. (2019). The spatial and social dimensions of first-mile barriers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.04.001
Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2007). Service quality attributes affecting customer satisfaction for bus transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 10(3), 21–34.
Firdaus, M. (2019). Urbanisasi dan tantangan transportasi berkelanjutan di kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 30(2), 97–110.
Haider, F., Rehman, Z. ur, Khan, A. H., Ilyas, M., & Khan, I. (2021). Performance evaluation of BRT standard in decision support system for integrated transportation policy. Sustainability, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041957
Ingvardson, J. B., & Nielsen, O. A. (2018). Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – An international review. Transport Reviews, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1301594
Levinson, H., Zimmerman, S., Clinger, J., Gast, J., Rutherford, S., & Bruhn, E. (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (TCRP Report 90). Transportation Research Board.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: Best practices guidebook (11 (ed.)). Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Liu, R., Ceder, A., & Chow, L. F. (2010). Integrated public transport solutions for urban mobility: A comparative analysis. Transport Reviews, 30(2), 181–201.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3 (ed.)). Sage.
Policy, I. for T. & D. (2016). The BRT Standard 2016 Edition. ITDP.
Priatama, R. F., & Subowo, A. (2020). Evaluasi pelaksanaan BRT Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 127–141.
Program, T. C. R. (2013). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (3rd ed., TCRP Report 165). Transportation Research Board.
Purwanto, E. A., & Sulistyastuti, D. R. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Gava Media.
Rahayu, A., & Widowati, N. (2020). Kualitas pelayanan Trans Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 80–95.
Semarang, B. P. S. K. (2020). Statistik transportasi Kota Semarang 2017–2019. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Septada, B. I., Herawati, A. R., & Maesaroh, M. (2023). Analisis pelayanan BRT Trans Semarang di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v12i3.40071
Susilo, Y. O., Joewono, T. B., Santosa, W., & Parikesit, D. (2007). A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. IATSS Research, 31(1), 59–68.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488.
Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2013). Bus rapid transit planning guide. ITDP.
Azali, I., Gunanto, E. Y. A., & Nugroho, S. B. M. (2018). Preferensi konsumen terhadap transportasi publik (Studi kasus Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Kota Semarang). Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v33i1.617
Cervero, R. (2013). Bus rapid transit (BRT): An efficient and competitive mode of public transport. Journal of Urban Transport, 19(1), 1–15.
Cervero, R., Murakami, J., & Miller, M. (2017). Transit-oriented development and the urban fabric. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Currie, G. (2006). Bus rapid transit in Australasia: Performance, lessons and prospects. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(3), 1–21.
Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2007). Service quality attributes affecting customer satisfaction for bus transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 10(3), 21–34.
Firdaus, M. (2019). Urbanisasi dan tantangan transportasi berkelanjutan di kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 30(2), 97–110.
Haider, F., Rehman, Z. ur, Khan, A. H., Ilyas, M., & Khan, I. (2021). Performance evaluation of BRT standard in decision support system for integrated transportation policy. Sustainability, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041957
Ingvardson, J. B., & Nielsen, O. A. (2018). Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – An international review. Transport Reviews, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1301594
Levinson, H., Zimmerman, S., Clinger, J., Gast, J., Rutherford, S., & Bruhn, E. (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (TCRP Report 90). Transportation Research Board.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: Best practices guidebook (11 (ed.)). Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Liu, R., Ceder, A., & Chow, L. F. (2010). Integrated public transport solutions for urban mobility: A comparative analysis. Transport Reviews, 30(2), 181–201.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3 (ed.)). Sage.
Policy, I. for T. & D. (2016). The BRT Standard 2016 Edition. ITDP.
Priatama, R. F., & Subowo, A. (2020). Evaluasi pelaksanaan BRT Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 127–141.
Program, T. C. R. (2013). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (3rd ed., TCRP Report 165). Transportation Research Board.
Purwanto, E. A., & Sulistyastuti, D. R. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Gava Media.
Rahayu, A., & Widowati, N. (2020). Kualitas pelayanan Trans Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 80–95.
Semarang, B. P. S. K. (2020). Statistik transportasi Kota Semarang 2017–2019. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Septada, B. I., Herawati, A. R., & Maesaroh, M. (2023). Analisis pelayanan BRT Trans Semarang di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v12i3.40071
Susilo, Y. O., Joewono, T. B., Santosa, W., & Parikesit, D. (2007). A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. IATSS Research, 31(1), 59–68.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488.
Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2013). Bus rapid transit planning guide. ITDP.
Azali, I., Gunanto, E. Y. A., & Nugroho, S. B. M. (2018). Preferensi konsumen terhadap transportasi publik (Studi kasus Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Kota Semarang). Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v33i1.617
Cervero, R. (2013). Bus rapid transit (BRT): An efficient and competitive mode of public transport. Journal of Urban Transport, 19(1), 1–15.
Cervero, R., Murakami, J., & Miller, M. (2017). Transit-oriented development and the urban fabric. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Currie, G. (2006). Bus rapid transit in Australasia: Performance, lessons and prospects. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(3), 1–21.
Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2007). Service quality attributes affecting customer satisfaction for bus transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 10(3), 21–34.
Firdaus, M. (2019). Urbanisasi dan tantangan transportasi berkelanjutan di kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 30(2), 97–110.
Haider, F., Rehman, Z. ur, Khan, A. H., Ilyas, M., & Khan, I. (2021). Performance evaluation of BRT standard in decision support system for integrated transportation policy. Sustainability, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041957
Ingvardson, J. B., & Nielsen, O. A. (2018). Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – An international review. Transport Reviews, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1301594
Levinson, H., Zimmerman, S., Clinger, J., Gast, J., Rutherford, S., & Bruhn, E. (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (TCRP Report 90). Transportation Research Board.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: Best practices guidebook (11 (ed.)). Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Liu, R., Ceder, A., & Chow, L. F. (2010). Integrated public transport solutions for urban mobility: A comparative analysis. Transport Reviews, 30(2), 181–201.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3 (ed.)). Sage.
Policy, I. for T. & D. (2016). The BRT Standard 2016 Edition. ITDP.
Priatama, R. F., & Subowo, A. (2020). Evaluasi pelaksanaan BRT Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 127–141.
Program, T. C. R. (2013). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (3rd ed., TCRP Report 165). Transportation Research Board.
Purwanto, E. A., & Sulistyastuti, D. R. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Gava Media.
Rahayu, A., & Widowati, N. (2020). Kualitas pelayanan Trans Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 80–95.
Semarang, B. P. S. K. (2020). Statistik transportasi Kota Semarang 2017–2019. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Septada, B. I., Herawati, A. R., & Maesaroh, M. (2023). Analisis pelayanan BRT Trans Semarang di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v12i3.40071
Susilo, Y. O., Joewono, T. B., Santosa, W., & Parikesit, D. (2007). A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. IATSS Research, 31(1), 59–68.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488.
Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2013). Bus rapid transit planning guide. ITDP.
Azali, I., Gunanto, E. Y. A., & Nugroho, S. B. M. (2018). Preferensi konsumen terhadap transportasi publik (Studi kasus Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Kota Semarang). Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v33i1.617
Cervero, R. (2013). Bus rapid transit (BRT): An efficient and competitive mode of public transport. Journal of Urban Transport, 19(1), 1–15.
Cervero, R., Murakami, J., & Miller, M. (2017). Transit-oriented development and the urban fabric. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Currie, G. (2006). Bus rapid transit in Australasia: Performance, lessons and prospects. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(3), 1–21.
Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2007). Service quality attributes affecting customer satisfaction for bus transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 10(3), 21–34.
Firdaus, M. (2019). Urbanisasi dan tantangan transportasi berkelanjutan di kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 30(2), 97–110.
Haider, F., Rehman, Z. ur, Khan, A. H., Ilyas, M., & Khan, I. (2021). Performance evaluation of BRT standard in decision support system for integrated transportation policy. Sustainability, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041957
Ingvardson, J. B., & Nielsen, O. A. (2018). Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – An international review. Transport Reviews, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1301594
Levinson, H., Zimmerman, S., Clinger, J., Gast, J., Rutherford, S., & Bruhn, E. (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (TCRP Report 90). Transportation Research Board.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: Best practices guidebook (11 (ed.)). Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Liu, R., Ceder, A., & Chow, L. F. (2010). Integrated public transport solutions for urban mobility: A comparative analysis. Transport Reviews, 30(2), 181–201.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3 (ed.)). Sage.
Policy, I. for T. & D. (2016). The BRT Standard 2016 Edition. ITDP.
Priatama, R. F., & Subowo, A. (2020). Evaluasi pelaksanaan BRT Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 127–141.
Program, T. C. R. (2013). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (3rd ed., TCRP Report 165). Transportation Research Board.
Purwanto, E. A., & Sulistyastuti, D. R. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Gava Media.
Rahayu, A., & Widowati, N. (2020). Kualitas pelayanan Trans Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 80–95.
Semarang, B. P. S. K. (2020). Statistik transportasi Kota Semarang 2017–2019. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Septada, B. I., Herawati, A. R., & Maesaroh, M. (2023). Analisis pelayanan BRT Trans Semarang di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v12i3.40071
Susilo, Y. O., Joewono, T. B., Santosa, W., & Parikesit, D. (2007). A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. IATSS Research, 31(1), 59–68.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488.
Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2013). Bus rapid transit planning guide. ITDP.
Azali, I., Gunanto, E. Y. A., & Nugroho, S. B. M. (2018). Preferensi konsumen terhadap transportasi publik (Studi kasus Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Kota Semarang). Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v33i1.617
Cervero, R. (2013). Bus rapid transit (BRT): An efficient and competitive mode of public transport. Journal of Urban Transport, 19(1), 1–15.
Cervero, R., Murakami, J., & Miller, M. (2017). Transit-oriented development and the urban fabric. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Currie, G. (2006). Bus rapid transit in Australasia: Performance, lessons and prospects. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(3), 1–21.
Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2007). Service quality attributes affecting customer satisfaction for bus transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 10(3), 21–34.
Firdaus, M. (2019). Urbanisasi dan tantangan transportasi berkelanjutan di kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 30(2), 97–110.
Levinson, H., Zimmerman, S., Clinger, J., Gast, J., Rutherford, S., & Bruhn, E. (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (TCRP Report 90). Transportation Research Board.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: Best practices guidebook (11 (ed.)). Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Liu, R., Ceder, A., & Chow, L. F. (2010). Integrated public transport solutions for urban mobility: A comparative analysis. Transport Reviews, 30(2), 181–201.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3 (ed.)). Sage.
Policy, I. for T. & D. (2016). The BRT Standard 2016 Edition. ITDP.
Priatama, R. F., & Subowo, A. (2020). Evaluasi pelaksanaan BRT Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 127–141.
Program, T. C. R. (2013). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (3rd ed., TCRP Report 165). Transportation Research Board.
Purwanto, E. A., & Sulistyastuti, D. R. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Gava Media.
Rahayu, A., & Widowati, N. (2020). Kualitas pelayanan Trans Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 80–95.
Semarang, B. P. S. K. (2020). Statistik transportasi Kota Semarang 2017–2019. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Septada, B. I., Herawati, A. R., & Maesaroh, M. (2023). Analisis pelayanan BRT Trans Semarang di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v12i3.40071
Susilo, Y. O., Joewono, T. B., Santosa, W., & Parikesit, D. (2007). A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. IATSS Research, 31(1), 59–68.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488.
Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2013). Bus rapid transit planning guide. ITDP.
Cervero, R. (2013). Bus rapid transit (BRT): An efficient and competitive mode of public transport. Journal of Urban Transport, 19(1), 1–15.
Cervero, R., Murakami, J., & Miller, M. (2017). Transit-oriented development and the urban fabric. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Currie, G. (2006). Bus rapid transit in Australasia: Performance, lessons and prospects. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(3), 1–21.
Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2007). Service quality attributes affecting customer satisfaction for bus transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 10(3), 21–34.
Firdaus, M. (2019). Urbanisasi dan tantangan transportasi berkelanjutan di kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 30(2), 97–110.
Levinson, H., Zimmerman, S., Clinger, J., Gast, J., Rutherford, S., & Bruhn, E. (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (TCRP Report 90). Transportation Research Board.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: Best practices guidebook (11 (ed.)). Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Liu, R., Ceder, A., & Chow, L. F. (2010). Integrated public transport solutions for urban mobility: A comparative analysis. Transport Reviews, 30(2), 181–201.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3 (ed.)). Sage.
Policy, I. for T. & D. (2016). The BRT Standard 2016 Edition. ITDP.
Priatama, R. F., & Subowo, A. (2020). Evaluasi pelaksanaan BRT Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 127–141.
Program, T. C. R. (2013). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (3rd ed., TCRP Report 165). Transportation Research Board.
Purwanto, E. A., & Sulistyastuti, D. R. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Gava Media.
Rahayu, A., & Widowati, N. (2020). Kualitas pelayanan Trans Semarang Koridor VI Undip–Unnes di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 80–95.
Semarang, B. P. S. K. (2020). Statistik transportasi Kota Semarang 2017–2019. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Susilo, Y. O., Joewono, T. B., Santosa, W., & Parikesit, D. (2007). A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. IATSS Research, 31(1), 59–68.
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