Dinamika Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Kronosekuensi Umur Tanaman Menghasilkan (TM) Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.)

Retno Leodita Lubis; Yaumil Khairiyah; R Ayu Chairunnisya; Laila Wijaya; Khusrizal; Halim Akbar

doi:10.30997/jp.v17i1.24467

Authors

Retno Leodita Lubis Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
Yaumil Khairiyah Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
R Ayu Chairunnisya Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
Laila Wijaya Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
Khusrizal Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
Halim Akbar Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30997/jp.v17i1.24467

Keywords:

kelapa sawit, kimia tanah, kronosekuen, siklus hara, umur tanaman

Abstract

Karakteristik kimia tanah pada ekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit bersifat dinamis dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor umur tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika sifat kimia tanah pada berbagai kronosekuensi umur Tanaman Menghasilkan (TM) di PT Langkat Nusantara Kepong, Kebun Padang Brahrang. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei deskriptif dengan pengambilan sampel tanah pada kedalaman 0–20 cm di empat tingkatan umur tanaman menghasilkan: 5, 7, 10, dan 11 tahun. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi pH, N-total, P-tersedia, K-dd, dan KTK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan umur tanaman berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan pH tanah dari kriteria masam (<5,20) menjadi lebih netral (>5,40) pada umur 11 tahun, yang disebabkan oleh mineralisasi basa-basa dari residu organik. Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) mencapai nilai optimal pada umur 7 tahun (20,22 cmol(+)kg⁻¹) sebelum kemudian menurun pada umur 10 dan 11 tahun. Kalium (K-dd) menunjukkan pola fluktuatif dengan lonjakan signifikan pada umur 10 tahun (0,65 cmol(+)kg⁻¹). Penurunan ketersediaan P dan K pada umur 11 tahun menunjukkan terjadi penurunan yang disebabkan karena laju pemanenan yang tinggi.

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