Combat Radicalism among Senior High School Students through Character-based Leadership: A Meta-Analysis of Servant, Authentic & Spiritual (SAS) Leadership Models

Abstract

Background - This article initiates with an overview of radicalism, character education, and leadership theory. Next, we will discuss the components that are part of character-based leadership based on SAS leadership models. Finally, the field of educational leadership argues that it benefits from the explanation of character-based
leadership by emphasizing its uniqueness and the need to combat radicalism.
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the components that individuals can have in relation to
character-based leadership which can be used as a bulwark against radicalism.
methodology - In order to maintain the components of character-based leadership, it was investigated through a meta-analysis derived from the theory of sources in journal articles and other related books, used popular databases (Scopus and ERIC) to search for peer-reviewed articles. To this end, since 2001, we have conducted a systematic literature search to find articles discussing radicalism, character formation, and leadership model
theory. There were 106 references obtained and used as a reference for meta-analysis. Analysis is performed by defining research questions, searching for relevant studies, screening studies for inclusion, extracting data, analyzing data, and interpreting results. Some of the articles obtained were from the International Journal of Professional Business Review, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, and Asia Pacific Journal of
Management.
Findings - The character values from the meta-analysis of Servant, Authentic & Spiritual (SAS) leadership models
have many similarities from the 18 character values of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Broadly speaking, the components of character values from the three leadership models have many similarities, namely trust, altruism, empathy, integrity, courage, cooperation, collaboration, and caring for the environment.
Originality - This study addresses a gap in the literature by determining the components that can be owned by individuals in terms of leadership character. With its character, it will become a bulwark against the subtle and invisible effects of radicalism